With as many as 20 million dead, China suffered more casualties during World War II than any other country except the Soviet Union.
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The Start Of The Second Sino-Japanese War
The first shots of the Second Sino - Japanese War were can on Sept. 18 , 1931 . Eight years before Germany would invade Poland and incite World War II in Europe , three Japanese officers , looking for any excuse to invade China , imbed a turkey near their railway tracks in Manchuria . They planned to blame the explosion on the Chinese and use the attack as justification for invading the country .
The bomb calorimeter did n’t cause any immediate harm . It was deliberately far enough from the racetrack that it barely even scratched the railway . In fact , ten minutes after the dud went off , a train went across the damaged caterpillar track without the slightest job .
In those days , Japan had an unequivocal policy of militant imperialism . They were willing to do anything to extend their influence and capture the dominion around them .
Japanese scientists hose down a Chinese test subject to prevent the germ weapons they’ve infected him with from spreading. Jilin Province, China, Nov. 1940.
Manchuria , with its abundant resources and strategical locating in between Japan and the Soviet Union , was the perfect place to start an Imperialist drive . And so , with no other alibi than a harmless bomb calorimeter planted by one of their own men , Japan attacked .
The invasion began in Mukden on the morning of Sept. 19 , 1931 , and , before nightfall , the city was capture . The Chinese were catch totally off - safety by the invasion and five hundred man were killed .
It only took five months for the Japanese army to drag through Manchuria . China , at the time , was locked in a roily internal engagement , and there was niggling they could do to cod against the more powerful Nipponese invaders .
It would be another eight years until the rest of the world went into war . Until then , the Chinese would be all but on their own during the Second Sino - Japanese warfare .
Unit 731
Nearly as presently as Manchuria was under their ascendence , the Japanese commence to do human experiments on their Taiwanese victim .
Japanese Surgeon General Shirō Ishii was fascinated by the use of chemic warfare in World War I , and he was determined to make chemic weapons the key to Japanese triumph in the 2d Sino - Japanese War .
By 1932 , he ’d already go under up a precursor to what would later be known atUnit 731 . He established a lab for human experimentation just outdoors of Harbin , a space where – in hisown words – unsuspicious Formosan test subject " could be hustle from the streets like rats . "
Some had every drop of blood debilitate out of their body while Nipponese doctors keep an eye on , taking heedful notes about how their bodies deteriorated . Others were put in with pestis to respect how they fail or vivisected so that the scientists could essay their inner organs while they were still alert .
Nobody shut out Ishii down . alternatively , his project was expand into Unit 731 by August 1940 . Human test subjects were inject with cholera , typhoid , and the bubonic plague , while others were left out in the cold so that they could determine how the cryopathy killed them .
Others were just ill-use . Members of Unit 731 have recounted violent ravishment of the charwoman kept there , as some of the women were deliberately raped to instill them or infect them with venereal diseases so that the scientists could experiment on them .
Any children put up in Unit 731 were subjected to horrifying experiments . Not a individual one subsist .
The Beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War
By some counts , the Second Sino - Japanese War start with the encroachment of Manchuria . Others , though , put the beginning at July 7 , 1937 , when the fighting hit full swing .
The instigator into full - out war has been hailed the Marco Polo Bridge Incident , when a Nipponese soldier , Private Shimura Kikujiro , disappeared from his office there . The Japanese demand permission to march their troops into the Chinese town on Wanping , and when they refuse , the put the town under siege .
By the next day , the Japanese troops had amassed a full - on battle . By the remainder of the month , they ’d capture Beijing and Tianjin , and from there they pose their sights on Shanghai .
soldier were n’t the only victim of the Japanese raids . Shanghai and Chongqing were rack with bombings ; in one individual attack on Aug. 14 , 1937 , more than 3,000 unacquainted civilians died under a hail of bomb .
The Japanese army then plowed on to Nanjing and outnumbered and overpowered the Chinese with every footstep on the style .
After the Fall of Nanking , the Second Sino - Nipponese War became more than a war . It became a massacre .
The Rape Of Nanking
Between Dec. 13 , 1937 , and Jan. 30 , 1938 , Nipponese forces rounded up , torment , and murdered up to 300,000 Chinese civilians and deliver soldier .
The massacre , which do to be have sex asthe assault of Nanking , was alarm . People were mutilate , beaten , or slaughtered wherever they were found .
Two Japanese soldiers , Toshiaki Mukai , and Tsuyoshi Noda , even held a competition to see who could murder the most people with a sword . In a short time , they had each murdered a hundred man . Noda himself would lateradmitthat almost every person they ’d killed was unarmed and surrendering :
" We ’d confront an enemy trench that we ’d enamour … Then we ’d line them up and cut them down , from one end of the bank line to the other . I was praise for having killed a hundred the great unwashed , but in reality , almost all of them were killed in this way . "
Rape was just as widespread . Japanese soldier would go room access - to - door , dragging fair sex out of their homes to violently crew - violation them and murder anyone who intervened . Often , the womanhood they abuse were left all in .
An American witness , Robert O. Wilson , drop a line in his diary on Dec. 18 , 1938 :
" Last Nox the house of one of the Formosan staff members of the university was broken into and two of the women , his relatives , were raped . Two girls , about 16 , were raped to death in one of the refugee clique . In the University Middle School where there are 8,000 hoi polloi the Japs come in ten times last night , over the wall , steal food , clothing , and raped until they were quenched . They bayonet one slight male child of eight who [ had ] five bayonet wounding admit one that penetrated his stomach , a share of omentum was outside the abdomen . "
Mutilated organic structure litter the street . Bodies were desecrated , women were penetrated with bayonets and young girls had their stomachs disregard open .
Some Japanese soldiers even turn to cannibalism . Another witnesser , missional Ralph L. Phillips , reportedthat he was " forced to watch while the Japs disemboweled a Chinese soldier " and " roasted his nitty-gritty and liver and ate them . "
Comfort Women And The Genocide of Hui Muslims
The Hui Muslims of China were almost completely eradicated during the 2d Sino - Japanese War . Their extermination was an prescribed policy of the Japanese army . As the Japanese march into China , they burned down the mosques and massacred the Hui Muslims by the thousands .
Every profanation conceivable was pushed on them . Mosques were smear with pork fat ; Hui Muslims were impel to slaughter pigs ; and Hui girlfriend were forced to become " comfort women " – lady of pleasure on a regular basis raped by the Nipponese soldiers .
It was n’t just Hui women who were forced into prostitution . Up to 400,000 womanhood were abducted from their domicile , violently raped , and forced to follow the United States Army around ascomfort women , being violently brutalized every daytime .
One Korean survivor , Kim Hak - sun , would latertellthe jam that she became a comforter woman when she was just 17 - years - old , after being baffle and dragged off by Japanese soldiers :
" The first sidereal day I was raped and the violation never stop … I palpate queasy when I come near to a piece . Not just Japanese men , but all Man — even my own married man who salve me from the house of prostitution . I shiver whenever I see a Japanese flag . "
The Aftermath
In time , the tide of warfare turned . The 2nd Sino - Nipponese War erupted into the full - fledged World War , and with the help of the Allied nation of the earth , China was able to fight the Japanese invaders off of their soil .
But few in the West experience about the horrors the Chinese endured . Every schoolboy pick up about the Holocaust and the Blitzkrieg in Poland , but Unit 731 and the Rape of Nanking are seldom taught in schools outside of China .
When the 2d Sino - Nipponese War ended , the United States government deed over Shirō Ishii and the military man behind Unit 731 complete unsusceptibility .
Unit 731 had been one of the worst war offence in history , but the American politics was too interested in their research to close them down . They made a deal with Japan , demanding sole access code to everything they ’d learned on biologic warfare , and giving them sodding exemption in getting even .
To this solar day , the horrors of the Second Sino - Japanese War are still downplayed . schoolbook are stillprintedin Japan that do not in full describe the horrors of the Rape of Nanking or even go so far as to deny it ever happened tout ensemble .
But while reparations have been made or attempted in other corners of the earth , the horror the Chinese faced persist in to be largely push aside .
After see these horrifying icon from the Nipponese invasion of China , learn more about theRape of Nanking . Then , read two Japanese soldier who competed to obliterate the most Chinese civilian .
